Should I put my old job on my resume and job applications? ?

I have been going on interviews for a new job but I never get the job offer or called back for a second interview. At first I just kept assuming there was someone that was more qualified. But as time went on I had a feeling that I was getting a bad reference from my previous employer. The issue is that I quit because I did not like the way management was handled. I have to admit I am responsible too because I should have started looking for a new job a long time ago. Anyway I just could not stick it out anymore because the rules were not being enforced. There would be times when branch offices sent documents 3 hours after the deadline and I would get in trouble for not processing it when the rule states anything received after the deadline should be processed the next business day. Also I would received documents that were incomplete and send them back to the branch office to correct. When I got the corrected document close to 5pm I would get it trouble for not processing it on that business day. I am not trying to complain or expect a job to be perfect but there were just so many things that would not handled in a professional way from management. Then some workers from the other branches called me about not receiving their paycheck. When I called the branch office I got conflicting stories from the employees in the about the paycheck, don't they all use the same database to get their information. Anyway I am thinking about taking this employer of my resume and just taken my chances on a job. I will just tell them that I am currently working on getting my masters degree. Any ideas.

Resume and application are different things
Background checks and reference checks are different things

A resume is a highlight film not a documentary it is not necessary to list every job on a resume.

An application is a legal document and if it ask for previous employment and you fail to list it you can be terminated for cause.

Reference checks are generally done by the potential employer and by your listing a former employer on the application and signing it you give your permission for the reference to be checked. There is not a law in any state that prevents an employer from releasing TRUTHFUL employment information. The laws in every state protect employers from any legal action as long as what they release is accurate and truthful. By policy many employers only list very basic information such as start date, term date and re-hire status but they can offer much more if they decide to.

Background checks generally do not include past employment they use public records to find information about your name, aliases, address and former addresses along with social security information that relate to settlements, convictions, judgments, in some cases credit reports, state licensures and certifications.
Background checks like credit reports are covered by the "Fair Credit Reporting Act" and as such you must be allowed to see a copy of the report (if you request to) and the opportunity to challenge any inaccuracies in it.

You have every right to leave off any information you wish from a resume......................
If you use the correct format for your resume the missing job will not be noticed and will be of no consequence.

On an application if it ask for your employers listed chronologically then you must list them or risk being terminated at a later time if you were ever hired. Everyone has lost a job, it is a matter of what you learn from the experience and how you present that information that makes you stand out from the crowd.
Do not go into all the things everyone else did wrong just state simply when you left and very briefly why, stay professional and above all stay on the high road when you discuss a former employer.

I think it depends on how many jobs you've had too. I only put the last 2 jobs on the resume and then add a blurb at the bottom about "in the past i have also held part-time or temp jobs in the following fields:food service, retail/sales..."

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Very few employeers check references - even the most savvy. Simply call in to the old employer as a current client checking references. Then you know for sure what they say. Pending where you live most likely it is illegal for them to mention anything more than: Dates, Salary & would they rehire. However, most hiring managers or a good recruiter/reference company can establish quick rapport and it is just BS with the girls/boys so to hell with the law.

Sorry to say most likely it is you. Again it is very rare you would run into the problem where multiple companies would check your references. If you truly believe this is the case call in on your own. If it is the case, I doubt you will check on your own lie. Lying on resumes is so common it has it's own name/term. It is called, "Resume Padding" - padding it with BS. Going to school is a great way around it. However, it is the wrong way to go about things.